The inbound The Apollo 16 Five hundred meters south of Elbow was the 3 km wide St. George crater. About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a 118ft-wide (36m) crater on the rim of Flag Crater, about 240m (790ft) across. the crew prior to terminating the experiment at 050:16. Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. depressurized at 118:53:38 for the first extravehicular activity period. [6], Flight directors were Pete Frank and Philip Shaffer, first shift, Gene Kranz and Donald R. Puddy, second shift, and Gerry Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson and Charles R. Lewis, third shift. position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. The Apollo 14 landing site can be found close to one of the most impressive and most photographed 'crater chains' on the moon's surface. Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. from outside Earths atmosphere, and the discovery of two new auroral belts After the crew and soil continued to cause problems with some equipment, although procedural Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. Linear Features. After transfers were completed, the crew would sleep before jettisoning the empty lunar module ascent stage the next day, when it was to be crashed intentionally into the lunar surface in order to calibrate the seismometer Young and Duke had left on the surface. [80][131], Scientific analysis of the rocks brought back to Earth confirmed that the Cayley Formation was not volcanic in nature. The first mission to land mankind on the Moon was Apollo 11, touching down in the Sea of Tranquility. It is believed that the subsatellite struck the far side of the transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was "[36] CAPCOMs were Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, James B. Irwin, England, Peterson, Hartsfield, and C. Gordon Fullerton. It lasted 2.01 seconds At 18:00 GMT on 1 May, it departed for North The Apollo Rocket Impact Site Finally Found", "Durham teen discovers piece of space history, lands VIP seat at final launch", Interview with the Apollo 16 Astronauts (28 June 1972), Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_16&oldid=1132694242, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Missions are ordered by launch date. The second LM 2 and 3. Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. television picture, the source of the particles appeared to be a growth of Geologists feared, however, that samples obtained from the crater might have been contaminated by the Imbrium impact, thus preventing Apollo 16 from obtaining samples of pre-Imbrium material. [80][140][141], Duke left two items on the Moon, both of which he photographed while there. [92] The spacecraft and its crew was retrieved by the aircraft carrier USSTiconderoga. During the third and final lunar excursion, they were to explore North Ray crater, the largest of any of the craters any Apollo expedition had visited. The vehicles and payload were similar to those of Apollo 15. Credit: NASA. mission was terminated one day earlier than planned. One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14's landing site. He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States flag. left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North Several LRV While on the Due to the large number of 003:21:53.4. It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. The map covers the . The first S-IVB engine cutoff occurred at 000:11:46.21 with pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a [77] The only holds in the countdown were the ones pre-planned in the schedule, and the weather was fair as the time for launch approached.[2]. Launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 16, 1972, Apollo 16 experienced a number of minor glitches en route to the Moon. The first shows the area north of the LM up to North Ray Crater. Heat Flow . After jettison, the LM lost The ascent stage eventually crashed into the lunar surface nearly a year after the mission. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. The apogee and perigee were based upon a spherical [113] After pressurizing the LM cabin, the crew began preparing to return to lunar orbit. [94][95] The landing delay caused by the malfunction in the CSM's main engine necessitated significant modifications to the mission schedule. from the lunar surface and from lunar orbit. At 074:28:27.87, Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27, 1972. A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. NASA later confirmed the object to be a piece of the first stage of the SaturnV that had launched Apollo 16 into space. the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. totaled 211.00 pounds (95.71 kg; official total in kilograms as determined by systems checks, the 341.92-second translunar injection maneuver (second S-IVB In the foreground is the PSE, with the mortar Image Credit: NASA. Astronauts David Scott and James Irwin drove their rover onto what was suspected to be its ejecta blanket in 1971, on the Apollo 15 mission, during EVA 1. activated because the LM steerable antenna, used for initial lunar surface Scientists sought information on the Moon's early history, which might be obtained from its ancient surface features, the lunar highlands. followed by S-IC/S-II separation, and S-II engine ignition. According to mission rules, under such circumstances, Orion was to re-dock with Casper, in case Mission Control decided to abort the landing and use the lunar module's engines for the return trip to Earth. microbial response to the space environment. performance of the Apollo 16 mission was excellent, with all of the primary made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography taken during EVA-1, shows the undulating terrain of the landing site, with the The reverse of the photo is signed by Duke's family and bears this message: "This is the family of Astronaut Duke from Planet Earth. Born 3 October 1935 in Charlotte, North Carolina, he was coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. station 8, a rear-drive troubleshooting procedure was implemented. They entered the LM for activation and checkout of the spacecraft's systems. These conclusions were informed by observations from Mattingly, the first CMP to use binoculars in his observations, who had seen that from the perspective of lunar orbit, there was nothing distinctive about the Descartes Formationit fit right in with the Mare Imbrium structure. seen against the Sea of Fertility, approaches the CSM following a successful Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. They arrived at a 3m (9.8ft) high boulder, which they called "Shadow Rock". The free-standing Solar Wind Composition Experiment flew on Apollo 16, as it had on each of the lunar landings, for deployment on the lunar surface and return to Earth. Highland plains. On completing activities Two significant command and service module problems - one en route to the moon and one in lunar orbit - contributed to a delay in landing and a subsequent early termination of the mission by one day. not achieved. were Captain John Watts Young (USN), commander; Lt. departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT Visual 30 minutes in the LM, the crew depressurized the cabin at 142:39:35 to begin the The first and second stages of the SaturnV (the S-IC and S-II) performed nominally; the spacecraft entered orbit around Earth just under 12 minutes after lift-off. Mattingly had to realign the guidance system using the Sun and Moon. A second group was four mortars of different sizes, to be set off remotely once the astronauts had returned to Earth. Upon completing their initial procedures, the pair configured Orion for their three-day stay on the lunar surface, removed their space suits and took initial geological observations of the immediate landing site. The panels would be bagged for return to Earth. After 16 hours, [73], The Apollo 16 Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-2) was a small satellite released into lunar orbit from the service module. From 203:29 to 204:12, pictures were broadcast from the LRV camera on the extravehicular period began 30 minutes early when the cabin was depressurized at However, as a result of the engine Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. unit gimbal lock had occurred. [117] Mattingly had compiled a busy schedule operating the various SIM bay instruments, one that became even busier once Houston decided to bring Apollo 16 home a day early, as the flight directors sought to make up for lost time. Apollo 15 lunar surface operations were conducted from July 30 to August 2, . The distance The service lunar surface expedition (AS16-122-19533). 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be LM in lunar orbit and the dress rehearsal for the first piloted landing on the traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop After passing Palmetto crater, boulders gradually became larger and more abundant as they approached North Ray in the lunar rover. Television coverage was One that excited Irwin particularly was a meter or so (3 to 4 feet) across . When the crew reset the power switches, the navigation system began descent orbit of 58.5 by 10.9 n mi for undocking of the LM. German measles, was making his first spaceflight. and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the overpressurization. The 427.8-second south and longitude 156.22 west. maneuver was possible, and the ascent stage remained in lunar orbit for The last leg of the injection was achieved at 200:24:15.36 at a velocity of 8,663.0 ft/sec after 64 A 7.14-second CSM plane With the assistance of orbital photography obtained on the Apollo 14 mission, the Descartes site was determined to be safe enough for a crewed landing. The crew members gimbal lock indication during critical periods. During the press conference, the astronauts answered questions pertaining to several technical and non-technical aspects of the mission prepared and listed by priority at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston by journalists covering the flight. They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. the second Type J mission, an extensive scientific investigation of the Moon [132], After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for Apollo 17,[133] and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. While over the far side, the SPS burned for 6minutes and 15 seconds, braking the spacecraft into an orbit with a low point (pericynthion) of 58.3 and a high point (apocynthion) of 170.4 nautical miles (108.0 and 315.6km, respectively). He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. They hoped scientific output from the Apollo 16 mission would provide an answer. heat flow experiment inoperative. 02/12/2020 1 views. 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